Product margin depends on arbitrary allocations
Overheads are spread by revenue or direct labour even when machine time, setups, engineering support or quality activity drive the cost. Profitable products subsidise complex ones and pricing decisions use the wrong floor.
Capacity is reported without a useful denominator
Design capacity, practical capacity and scheduled hours are mixed. A single utilisation percentage then hides the bottleneck, downtime, changeovers, labour constraints and the cost of unused capacity.
Inventory and cash move on separate reports
Raw materials, work in progress and finished goods do not reconcile to purchasing, production and sales plans. Slow-moving stock, safety buffers, long lead times and supplier prepayments absorb cash without an accountable action list.
Investment cases stop at the headline payback
Capex models omit ramp-up losses, maintenance, scrap, working capital, foreign exchange and downside volume. Make-versus-buy decisions compare a supplier quote with fully absorbed internal cost rather than avoidable cost and constrained capacity.